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Grain oriented silicon steel, also known as GO silicon steel, is a high-quality electrical steel alloy engineered to have a highly oriented crystalline structure, which allows for improved magnetic properties in a specific direction. This unique grain orientation enables GO silicon steel to exhibit low core losses, high magnetic permeability, and excellent magnetic flux density, making it ideal for applications where energy efficiency and performance are paramount.
According to the magnetic properties, grain oriented silicon steel can also be divided into common grain oriented silicon steel (CGO) and high magnetic induction grain oriented silicon steel (Hi-B).
The production of grain oriented silicon steel involves a series of specialized manufacturing steps to achieve the desired grain orientation and magnetic properties. They include:
1. Melting and Casting: raw materials, including silicon and iron, are melted together to form the steel alloy and cast into slabs. These slabs are typically around 8 to 10 mm thick.
2. Hot Rolling: the cast slabs are reheated and passed through a series of hot rolling mills to achieve the desired thickness and grain orientation.
3. Annealing: after hot rolling, it is subjected to annealing. Annealing involves heating the steel to a specific temperature and then slowly cooling it to relieve internal stresses, soften the material, and further optimize its grain orientation. This step is critical for achieving the desired magnetic properties of GO silicon steel.
4. Cold Rolling: the annealed steel is then cold rolled to further reduce its thickness and improve its surface finish. It also helps refine the grain structure and enhance the material’s magnetic properties.
5. Final Annealing: the secondary annealing step follows cold rolling. This final annealing process is designed to achieve the desired magnetic properties, including high magnetic permeability and low core loss.
6. Insulation Coating: insulation coatings are applied to the surface of the grain oriented silicon steel to prevent the formation of eddy currents and improve the overall efficiency of electromagnetic devices.
| Type | Grade | Thickness
(mm) |
Theoretical Density
(kg/dm3) |
Core Loss Value P17/50 (W/kg) | Magnetic Induction B8(T) |
| Common | B23G110 | 0.23 | 7.65 | 1.1 | 1.8 |
| B23G120 | 1.2 | 1.8 | |||
| B27G120 | 0.27 | 7.65 | 1.2 | 1.8 | |
| B27G130 | 1.3 | 1.8 | |||
| B30G120 | 0.3 | 7.65 | 1.2 | 1.8 | |
| B30G130 | 1.3 | 1.8 | |||
| B30G140 | 1.4 | 1.8 | |||
| B35G135 | 0.35 | 7.65 | 1.35 | 1.8 | |
| B35G145 | 1.45 | 1.8 | |||
| B35G155 | 1.55 | 1.8 | |||
| High magnetic induction | B23P090 | 0.23 | 7.65 | 0.9 | 1.87 |
| B23P095 | 0.95 | 1.87 | |||
| B23P100 | 1 | 1.87 | |||
| B27P095 | 0.27 | 7.65 | 0.95 | 1.88 | |
| B27P100 | 1 | 1.88 | |||
| B27P110 | 1.1 | 1.88 | |||
| 330P100 | 0.3 | 7.65 | 1 | 1.88 | |
| B30P105 | 1.05 | 1.88 | |||
| B30P110 | 1.1 | 1.88 | |||
| B30P120 | 1.2 | 1.88 | |||
| B35P115 | 0.35 | 7.65 | 1.15 | 1.88 | |
| B35P125 | 1.25 | 1.88 | |||
| B35P135 | 1.35 | 1.88 |
1. Grain Orientation
The unique property of grain oriented silicon steel lies in its highly aligned grain structure, achieved through a carefully controlled manufacturing process. This alignment enables the material to exhibit superior magnetic properties along specific crystallographic orientations, leading to enhanced magnetic flux and reduced energy losses.
2. Excellent Magnetic Properties
It possesses excellent magnetic properties, including high magnetic flux density, low iron loss, and low magnetostriction.
– The high magnetic permeability allows for better magnetic flux control, enhancing the performance and reliability of electromagnetic devices.
– Low core losses help reduce energy dissipation and improve the overall efficiency of electrical devices.
– A very low level of magnetostriction leads to noise reduction.
3. Good Processing Performance
Grain oriented silicon steel can be easily processed to suit the applications better, including cutting, bending, shearing, punching, welding, etc.
Grain oriented silicon steel is typically produced in sheets or strips, which are then used to construct the cores of transformers, generators, motors, and other electrical equipment. Other examples include:
1. Inductors and Chokes
In addition to transformers, generators, and motors, grain oriented silicon steel is also employed in inductors and chokes to minimize energy losses and improve their overall performance.
2. Reactors
GO silicon steel cores in reactors help control and manage magnetic flux, reducing energy losses.
3. Magnetic Amplifiers
Magnetic amplifiers are devices used to control the flow of current in electrical circuits by varying the magnetic flux. Grain-oriented silicon steel is utilized in their construction to enhance their efficiency and performance.
4. Electric Vehicle Components
As electric vehicles (EVs) become more common, grain oriented silicon steel is finding applications in the construction of components like motors and charging systems, where energy efficiency is a critical concern.
